ASTRONOMY - CONSTELLATION (PART 1)

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In this occasion I will explain to you about the constellation. Constellation is a group of stars that make an imaginary shape in the night sky. They are usually named after mythological characters, people, animals and objects. According to the scientific, that is 88 constellation that known. But, in my explanation I will explain just 15 constellation. This explanation can divided into two part and this is the first part of my explanation. Enjoy that.  

Andromeda Constellation 

    The first constellation that we can explain is "Andromeda Constellation" . Andromeda Constellation  is most prominent during autumn evenings in the Northern Hemisphere, along with several other constellations named for characters in the Perseus myth. Because of its northern declination, Andromeda is visible only north from the 40° south latitude; for observers farther south it lies below the horizon. It is one of the largest constellations, with an area approximately 722 square degrees. It has 65 stars with the brightest star named Alpheratz. The declination of this constellation is 53.187° - 21.676°. The constellation's most obvious deep-sky object is the naked-eye Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31), the closest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way and one of the brightest Messier objects. In Chinese astronomy, the stars that make up Andromeda were members of four different constellations that had astrological and mythological significance; a constellation related to Andromeda also exists in Hindu mythology. Andromeda is the location of the radiant for the Andromedids, a weak meteor shower that occurs in November. 

       According to the Greek Mythology, Andromeda is "The Chained Lady". Her mom Cassiopeia, always boast that she is the most beautiful woman in the world, even she say that she is more beautiful than  the Gods. Poseidon, the brother of Zeus an the god of the sea, took great offense at this statement, for he had created the most beautiful beings ever in form of his sea nymphs. In his anger, he created a great sea monsters called a Cetus (a monster like whale) to to ravage the seas and sea coast. Since Cassiopeia would not recent her claim of beauty, it was decreed that she must sacrifice her only daughter, the beautiful Andromeda, to this sea monster. So, Andromeda was chained to a large rock projecting out into the sea and was left there to await the arrival of the Cetus. Than, the Perseus come after killed the gorgon Medusa and carrying her head at the special bag. Perseus love the beautiful of Andromeda. Immediately, he drew the head of Medusa from the bag and held it so that the Cetus would see it. Immediately, the Cetus turned to the stone. Perseus than freed the Andromeda and claiming her as his bride, took her home with him as his queen to role. 

Aquarius Constellation 

       Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier" a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). Its name is Latin for "water-carrier" or "cup-carrier" a representation of water. Aquarius is one of the oldest of the recognized constellations along the zodiac (the Sun's apparent path). The declination of this constellation is 3,326° - 24,904°. This constellation is the ten of the largest constellation, with the area approximately 980 square degrees (1,357 times bigger than the Andromeda Constellation). It has 97 stars with the brightest star named Sadalsuud. This constellation visible at latitudes between +65° and −90°. Best visible at 9 p.m. during the month of October.
       According to the Greek Mythology, Aquarius is a "Water Bearer". His name is Ganymede, Son Of Tros, The King of Troy. He is a handsome young man and the most handsome Gods and Goddesses had ever seen. While attending to his father's flocks on Mount Ida, Ganymede caught the attention of Zeus. Zeus sent his messenger to the Aquila (The Eagle) to down to the Earth with instructions to bring Ganymede back to Mount Olympus. On Mount Olympus, Ganymede served the Gods by bringing them water whenever they needed it. He also served as cup bearer to Zeus. He was honored for his service by Zeus, who placed in a constellation that named Aquarius, which mean water carrier among the stars.

Aries Constellation 

     It is located in the northern celestial hemisphere between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. The name Aries is Latin for ram, and its symbol is  ♈, representing a ram's horns. The declination of this constellation is 31,221° - 10,363°. This constellation is the 39 of the largest constellation, with the area approximately 441 square degrees (45% smaller than the Aquarius Constellation). This constellation have 67 stars with the brightest star named Hamal. this constellation visible at latitudes between +90° and −60°. Best visible at 9 p.m. during the month of December.
    According to the Greek Mythology, Aries is the "Ram". His real name is Athamas, who have two children (not real child, just from the stepmother) named Phrixus and Helle. They were treated so cruelly that Hermes took pity on then and send magical ram to take stepmother's wrath. Mounted on the ram back, the children flew over land and sea to the east. Helle failed to get a good hold on the fleece of the ram and as they flew over the strait that separates Europe and Asia, she fell off and drowned in the sea. But, Phrixus landed safely at Colches, which is on the edge of the Black Sea. In gratitude for his deliverance, Phrixus sacrificed the ram and gave its Golden Fleece to the king of that  country. In honor, the Ram's great sacrifice in saving the children, Zeus placed him to the ram's constellation called "Aries Constellation".

Cancer  Constellation 

      Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as one. Its astrological symbol is  ♋. The declination of this constellation is 33,141° - 6,47°. This constellation is the 31 of the largest constellation with the area approximately 506 square of degrees (1,147 times bigger than Aries Constellation). This constellation contain 76 stars with the biggest stars named Altarf. This constellation is 290 ± 30 light-year away from Earth. 

       According to the Greek mythology, Cancer is identified with the crab that appeared while Hercules was fighting the many-headed Hydra. The crab bit Hercules on the foot, Hercules crushed it and then the goddess Hera, a sworn enemy of Hercules, placed the crab among the stars. The creation of the constellation is explained in Greek mythology by the short-lived association of the crab Karkinos with one of the Twelve Labors of Hercules, in which Hercules battled the multi-headed Lernaean Hydra. Hera had sent Karkinos to distract Hercules and put him at a disadvantage during the battle, but Hercules quickly dispatched the crab by kicking it with such force that it was propelled into the sky. Other accounts had Karkinos grabbing onto Hercules' toe with its claws, but Hercules simply crushed the crab under his foot. Hera, grateful for Karkinos's effort, gave it a place in the sky. Some scholars have suggested that Karkinos was a late addition to the myth of Hercules in order to make the Twelve Labors correspond to the twelve signs of the Zodiac. 

Capricorn Constellation 

       Capricorn is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "horned goat" or "goat horn" or "having horns like a goat's", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea-goat: a mythical creature that is half goat, half fish. Its symbol is ♑. The declination of this constellation is -8,404° until - 27,691°. This constellation is the 40 of the largest constellation with the area approximately 414 square of degrees (81% the area of Cancer Constellation). This constellation contained 49 stars with the biggest star named Deneb Algedi. This constellation can visible at latitudes between +60° and −90°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of September.

       According to the Greek Mythology, Capricorn is one of the earliest constellation and has passed trough the ages virtually unchanged. His real name is Amalthea. Zeus mother gave her son named Zeus to the sea nymph, because her husband Cronus will kill the Zeus. Cronus will kill Zeus because Zeus predicted kill the Cronus. Some legends says that Zeus swallowed when he was born and gave to the sea nymph with instructions to take him far-away from Cronus, so that Cronus could not find him. However, sea nymph can't produce milk for Zeus and brought a special sea goats, named Amalthea. Amalthea also nurse Zeus. Zeus grew older and always play with the Amalthea. One day, he was broke off one of Amalthea horns as sign that Zeus have to fight with her father, The Cronus. He break off his relationship with the sea nymphs and Amalthea. Zeus defeated Cronus as Cronus fell to the ground, his head split open and out stepped the brothers of Zeus that Cronus had swallowed. Zeus was the new king of the Gods and he remember to the Amalthea that hidden and taken such good care of him, so he placed Amalthea as the Capricorn Constellation.

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Gemini Constellation 

      Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "twins," and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is  ♊. The declination of this constellation is +20°. This constellation is the 30 of the largest constellation with the area approximately 514  square of degree (1,2415 times bigger than the Capricorn Constellation). This constellation contain 80 stars with the brightest star named Pollux. Gemini constellation can visible at latitudes between +90° and −60°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of February. This constellation can be seen between the Orion Constellation and Gemini Constellation.
      According to the Greek Mythology In Greek mythology, Gemini was associated with the myth of Castor and Pollux, the children of Leda and Argonauts both. Pollux was the son of Zeus, who seduced Leda, while Castor was the son of Tyndareus, king of Sparta and Leda's husband. Castor and Pollux were also mythologically associated with St. Elmo's fire in their role as the protectors of sailors.  When Castor died, because he was mortal, Pollux begged his father Zeus to give Castor immortality, and he did, by uniting them together in the heavens. To commemorate their great feats and help they gave to the sailors and because of their great love for each other, Zeus placed their constellation as Gemini Constellation after their deaths.

Hercules Constellation 

       Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythological hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. The declination of this constellation is +15° 42′ until 30°. This constellation is the 5 of the largest constellation that known with the area 1225 square of degree (2,383 times bigger than the Gemini Constellation). This constellation contain 106 stars with the brightest stars named Kornephoros. The Hercules Constellation can visible at latitudes between +90° and −50°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of July. The Geminids are a bright meteor shower that peaks on December 13–14. It has a maximum rate of approximately 100 meteors per hour, making it one of the richest meteor showers. 

      According to the Greek Mythology, Hercules is the son of Zeus with the Alcmene. He was the favorite son of Zeus that birth to be the mightiest of all the heroes. In keeping with his plan, Hercules would spend the first part of his life living among, and ever serving, mortals. He would learn how they lived and what was important in their lives. Then, he would be brought up to Mount Olympus to join the Olympians there, and having lived among the mortals, could help the gods in their discussion and plans. Hercules was known for his great strength, courage, and ability. He was also known for his Twelve Labors, which he undertook as a result of Hera's scheming. Hera tried many times to get Hrcules to fail at some task and fall out of favor with his father. In addition of these famous Twelve Labors, he also sailed with Jason and the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece, took part in the war between the gods and the giants and still had time to sack Troy. Zeus commemorated all the mighty acts of Hercules by placing him to the constellation named Hercules Constellation.

Leo Constellation 

     Leo is one of the constellations of the zodiac, lying between Cancer the crab to the west and Virgo the maiden to the east. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles meaning 'Glory of Hera' (known to the ancient Romans as Hercules) as one of his twelve labors. Its symbol is  ♌.  The declination of this constellation is 15°. This constellation is the 12 rank for the largest constellation with the min area approximately 947 square of degree (77,3% area of The Hercules Constellation). Leo Constellation contain 92 stars with the brightest star named Regulus. This constellation can visible at latitudes between +90° and −65°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of April. 

     According to The Greek Mythology, Leo was a ferocious lion who fell to the Earth in the Nemaea Forest. He ate many animal at forest and also ate the human. Many brave men die while trying to kill it because the skin is very though and no arrow or spear can pierce it. Hercules was give the first of his Twelve Labors, that killing the Leo, by Hera the jealous wife of Zeus. She hoped that Hercules fail and loose the love from Zeus. Hercules know that the skin of Leo can't pierce by arrow or spear, so he entered the Lion's cave and was able to strangle the Leo. Hercules then reappeared at the cave's entrance wearing the lion's skin as a robe. Hercules had saved the people of Nemaea. This great act of heroism by Hercules commemorated by Zeus, when he placed the picture of the defeated Leo in the night sky as Leo Constellation. 

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Bibliography 

Picture bibliography : 

1. Andromeda Constellation, Aquarius Constellation, and Cancer Constellation  https://universavvy.com downloaded on December 23, 2018 at 4.00 p.m.
2. Aries Constellation https://astrologybay.com downloaded on December 23, 2018 at 4.09 p.m. 
3. Capricorn Constellation from https://vectorstock.com and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capricornus#/media/File:Capricornus_IAU.svgdownloaded on December 23, 2018 at 4.20 p.m. 
4. Gemini Constellation from https://vectorstock.com on December 23, 2018 at 04.25 p.m. 
5. Hercules Constellation from http://www.seasky.org/constellations/constellation-hercules.html downloaded on December 23, 2018 at 4.26 p.m. 
6. Leo Constellation from https://www.ouruniverseforkids.com/leo-the-lion/ downloaded on December 23, 2018 at 4.26 p.m. 

Information bibliography 

McCarter; Norm. ---. Constellation Legends. California : SCICON - Tulare County Office of Education