Fast Facts - Moon as Satellite of Earth

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We know that Earth just have one natural satellite called Moon. According to the scientific, the diameter of the moon is approximately 3476.2 kilometres. The moon that can we see every night until now is the fifth largest natural satellites in solar system after the Ganymede - Jupiter Satellites (5268 kilometers of diameter); Titan - Saturn Satellites (5150 kilometers of diameter); Callisto - Jupiter Satellites (4820.6 kilometers of diameter); and Io - Jupiter Satellites (3642.75 kilometers of diameter). 

The Moon thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth. The Moon is formed from the debris, the left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars sized body called Theia. The closest point of the moon to the earth is approximately 362600 kilometers, the farthest point of the moon is approximately 405400 kilometers, and the normal point is 384399 kilometers. Moon is the second-brightest, after the Sun that regularly visible celestial object in Earth's sky. The moon surface is actually dark surface, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a slightly higher than that of worn asphalt. Its gravitational influence produces the ocean tides, body tides, and the slight lengthening of the day. 

The orbital period the Moon to Earth can classify into two kind, there are sidereal period and synodic period. The sidereal period of Earth's Moon is 27.321 days, but the completely sidereal period of the Earth's Moon is 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes 11.5 seconds (According to the data at the Wikipedia.org).  The synodic period of the Earth's Moon is 29.53 days, but the completely synodic period of the Earth's Moon is 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 2.9 seconds (According to data at the Wikipedia.org). The coldest temperature at the Moon is known as 100 K (-173.15 Celcius degrees), the mean temperature at the moon known as 220 K (-53.15 Celcius degrees), and the maximum temperature at the Moon known as 230 K (-43.15 Celcius degrees). 

The Moon was first reached in September 1959 by the Soviet Union's Luna 2, an unmanned spacecraft. The United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned lunar missions to date, beginning with the first manned orbital mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11. These missions returned lunar rocks which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origin, internal structure, and the Moon's later history. Since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft. 

Little information about Apollo 11, Apollo 11 was the space light that landed the first two people on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Command module pilot Michael Collins flew the command module Columbia alone in a lunar orbit they were on the Moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21.5 hours on the lunar surface before rejoining Columbia in lunar orbit. 

The Moon is a differentiated body. It has a geochemically distinct crust, mantle, and core. The Moon has a solid iron-rich inner core with a radius possibly as small as 240 kilometres (150 mi) and a fluid outer core primarily made of liquid iron with a radius of roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi). Around the core is a partially molten boundary layer with a radius of about 500 kilometres (310 mi). This structure is thought to have developed through the fractional crystallization of a global magma ocean shortly after the Moon's formation 4.5 billion years ago. Look at the table at below to know the 

Eclips 

Solar eclipse : Solar eclipses occur when the position of the Moon lies between the Earth and the Sun, thus closing part or all of the sun's light.  

Lunar eclipse : A lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the cross section of the moon is covered by the shadow of the earth. That happens when the earth is between the sun and the moon in the same straight line, so that the sun's rays cannot reach the moon because they are blocked by the earth. 

 

Bibliography 

1. Brown, D.; Anderson, J. (6 January 2011). "NASA Research Team Reveals Moon Has Earth-Like Core". NASA. NASA. 
2. Weber, R.C.; Lin, P.-Y.; Garnero, E.J.; Williams, Q.; Lognonne, P. (21 January 2011). "Seismic Detection of the Lunar Core" (PDF). 
3. Nemchin, A.; Timms, N.; Pidgeon, R.; Geisler, T.; Reddy, S.; Meyer, C. (2009). "Timing of crystallization of the lunar magma ocean constrained by the oldest zircon". Nature Geo-science.