Physics - Magnetism and Magnetic Force

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Magnet and The Kind of The Magnet 

Okay buddy, do you know about magnet ? Magnet is objects that have attractive the properties of some objects. Magnet known as magnítis líthos at the Greek Language that means stone of Magnesian. Magnesian is actually a place called Magnesia (Now is 'Manisa' that including in The Turkey Territory). Magnet known always two poles, there are North Pole and South Pole). The north pole usually colored red and south pole usually colored blue. Look at the example of magnet in below

The kind of magnet can you see at below : 

1. Permanent magnet, Fixed magnets do not require power or assistance from the outside to produce magnetic power. The permanent magnet can be subdivided again to five magnet. 
1. Neodymium magnets, are the most powerful permanent magnets. 
2. Samarium-Cobalt magnets are one of the two rare types of earth magnets, which are strong permanent magnets made of samarium and cobalt alloys. 
3. Ceramic Magnet
4. Plastic Magnet 
5. Alnico Magnet
2. Artificial magnet, is a magnet that is often found today and more dominates from permanent magnets. The artificial magnet can be subdivided again to five kind of magnet
1. "U" Magnet 
2. Horseshoe Magnet
3. Rod Magnet 
4. Circle Magnet (found as accessories of the fridge / refrigerator) 
5. Needle Magnet (found at the compass)

Because magnet have two pole, it have characteristic : 

"If the two poles are in rhythm / similar, then the force between the magnets will reject it. And If the two poles are not similar the force between the magnet attract" 

Not every object can be attract by a magnet. Therefore, based on whether it can be attract or not by magnets, objects are grouped into three, namely : 

1. Ferromagnetic Thing, is a ferromagnetic is an object that can be attract strongly by a magnet. The ferromagnetic thing also can grouped by two, like at the below : 
1. Hard Ferromagnetic Thing, is an object that is easy to pull magnets, but it is very difficult to adjust to be the same as magnetic (magnetic). However, if the object has reached a magnetic point, then the magnetism of the object will be difficult to remove, this is often used to make artificial magnets permanent. The material included in the hard ferromagnetic thing is steel and alcomax.
2. Soft Ferromagnetic Thing, is an object that is very easily pulled by magnets and also very easy to make it the same as a magnet (magnetic), but even though it has reached the peak of magnetism, the magnetism is only short-term (not permanent). Objects classified as soft ferromagnetic thing are materials made of iron or a mixture of metal and nickel. 
2. Paramagnetic Thing are objects that can be pulled by magnets, but with weak attraction. The material of Paramagnetic thing usually Magnesium, molybdenum, lithium, and tantalum. 
3. Diamagnetic Thing  are objects that cannot be pulled by a magnet. Diamagnetic objects usually have basic ingredients in the form of copper, silver, and gold. 

Did you know ? 

Did you know that at the north pole of the planet there is the magnetic south pole of the Earth, while at the planet's south pole there is the magnetic north pole of the Earth. So, on the compass, the magnetic needle north of the compass will always face the north pole of the planet Earth which contains the southern magnetic field. This can also be attributed to the process of attraction between magnetic poles that are not the same. 

 Weber's Hypothesis 

• Iron and steel actually consists of magnetic atoms (elementary magnets), but it does not mean if iron and steel have magnetic properties (can attract objects). Elementary magnets in iron or steel are still irregular / random elements. 
• In magnetic steel the element is very difficult to be directed, but if it is directed, the magnetism will last long / permanently. Whereas in iron, the magnetic element is very easy to be directed, but when it's directed, the magnetism only lasts a moment. 

How To Make A Magnet 

Induction

Induction is a method of making magnets by bringing a magnet closer to a material made of metal and metal that will have the same properties as a magnet so that it can attract other metal objects. This artificial magnetic production will produce a magnetic force in a short period of time until the magnet is released from the metal.

Rubbing

Rubbing is a magnet making technique where a magnet is rubbed on a metal. This magnet will straighten the magnetic particles that already exist in the metal, so that the metal can attract other metals. Look at the picture below.

At the picture, the part of the object that was first touched by a part of the pole, then the magnetic particles will follow the first magnetic pole that touches the part of the object. For example: in the magnetic pole image that first touches the object X is the south pole, then if all the magnetic particles in the object are straightened and are magnetic, then part X will have the south pole, while Y has the north pole.

Flowing with Electricity (Electromagnetic) 

Electromagnet is a method of making magnets where electricity is needed in the manufacturing process. Usually, this electricity comes from batteries or accumulators. Look at the following picture.

In the battery, the longer part line indicates the positive pole of the battery. In the picture next to the wire coil from front to back, then according to the right hand rule, if the positive pole of the battery is on the left, part A is the magnetic north pole while part B is the south pole.





In the picture beside it is flowing electricity with the direction of wire winding from back to front. In accordance with the right hand rule, if the positive pole of the battery is on the left, part A is the magnetic south pole, while part B is the magnetic north pole.



In the technique of making magnetism electromagnetically, the magnitude of the magnetic field produced is very dependent on the following three things :

• The electric current, this strong electric current comes from the battery used by this experiment maker. This electric current also depends on the obstacles that exist on the wire and the obstacles in the battery itself. 
• The number of coils or turns on a metal object is given an electric current, because the more coil is given, the greater the magnetic field produced.
• The type of iron core produced, the iron core here has a function to strengthen the magnetic field. If the resistance in the iron core is getting smaller, then the magnetic field produced will be even greater. 

How to remove magnetism on an object can be seen as follows :

• Hit the magnet 
• Burning the magnet 
• Provide alternating current to the magnet 

Calculate the magnitude of the Lorentz Force

Lorentz force is a force (in the field of physics) caused by a moving electric charge or by an electric current that is in a magnetic field. The magnitude of the Lorentz force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field, the magnitude of the electric current, and the length of the conductive wire which is fed by electricity. The greater the magnetic field, the greater the Lorentz force produced; the greater the electric current given, the greater the Lorentz force produced; the longer the wire is electrified, the greater the Lorentz force produced. So, the Lorentz Style can be formulated by : 

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